The water well vertical shaft cone bit reamer is a specialized tool used to expand the diameter of the wellbore during drilling or well repair processes. It is widely applied in the exploration of oil, natural gas, hydrogeology, and water well construction. The following is a detailed introduction to this tool:

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1. Basic Structure and Working Principle

Structural Components:

- Roller Cone Bit: The core component, typically composed of multiple conical roller cones (3-4), with the surface of the cones embedded with hard alloy teeth or diamond composite plates to enhance wear resistance and rock-breaking efficiency.

- Reaming Wings: Extendable or fixed wings that expand outward during rotation to increase the well diameter.

- Central Shaft and Bearing System: Supports the rotation of the roller cones and withstands axial and radial loads.

- Hydraulic or Mechanical Drive Mechanism: Controls the extension and retraction of the reaming wings.

- Stabilizer: Ensures the tool remains centered in the wellbore to prevent eccentric wear.

Working principle:

- The tool is lowered to the target well section through the drill string. When rotating, the cone wheels crush or cut the formation rock.

- The reaming wings expand outward under the action of centrifugal force or hydraulic pressure, gradually increasing the wellbore diameter.

- The drilling fluid (mud) circulates to cool the drill bit and carry the cuttings back to the surface.

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2. Main Types

Fixed reamer: The wings cannot be adjusted and are suitable for stable formations with a single well diameter.

Adjustable reamer: The wings can be adjusted by hydraulic or mechanical means to meet different reaming requirements.

Rotary while drilling reamer (RWD): Works simultaneously with the drill bit, reaming while drilling to improve efficiency.

Post reamer: Lowered into the wellbore separately after drilling is completed, used for wellbore finishing or enlargement.

3. Application Scenarios

Water well / vertical shaft construction: Enlarging the well diameter to increase water output or install larger casing.

Oil / gas drilling: Dealing with complex formations (such as reduced diameter, collapse) or meeting completion requirements.

Geothermal well / mine drilling: Meeting the needs of reaming under high-temperature or hard rock conditions.

Old well repair: Repairing reduced diameter problems caused by wellbore deformation or corrosion.

4. Technical Advantages

High-efficiency Rock Breaking: The cone design is suitable for medium-hard to hard formations, and the hole enlargement speed is fast.

Precise Diameter Control: The adjustable reamer can precisely control the wellbore diameter (usually expanding 1.5 to 3 times the original hole diameter).

Wide Adaptability: It can be used in vertical wells, directional wells, and horizontal wells.

Extended Tool Life: Reduces frequent tripping, lowering operation costs.

5. Selection and Usage Precautions

Stratum Matching: Use long-toothed cone bits for soft strata and short-toothed or insert-toothed cone bits for hard strata.

Drilling Fluid Performance: Ensure good cuttings carrying and cooling effects to prevent cone bit clogging.

Parameter Optimization: Reasonably control the drilling pressure, rotational speed and displacement to prevent premature tool wear.

Quality Inspection: Regularly inspect the wear of the cone bits, bearing seals and the flexibility of the wings.

6. Common Issues and Maintenance

Wear or breakage of the cone: Timely replacement is necessary to prevent fish loss in the well.

Stuck blades: Clean the tool and check the hydraulic system to prevent failure to retract.

Bearing failure: Regular lubrication is required to avoid excessive wear under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.

If more specific parameters (such as size, material) or brand recommendations are needed, you can further supplement the application scenarios and technical requirements.